Décrit le rôle important que jouent les inondations dans le maintien de la fertilité des sols.
Disasters: Core Concepts and Ethical Theories
This Open Access Book is the first to examine disasters from a multidisciplinary perspective. Justification of actions in the face of disasters requires recourse both to conceptual analysis and ethical traditions. Part 1 of the book contains chapters on how disasters are conceptualized in different academic disciplines relevant to disasters. Part 2 has chapters on how ethical issues that arise in relation to disasters can be addressed from a number of fundamental normative approaches in moral and political philosophy. This book sets the stage for more focused normative debates given that no one book can be completely comprehensive.
In underresourced or crisis-affected education systems, functional infrastructure and the availability of teaching materials are essential.+4
education
essentiel
indispensable
Souligne que des infrastructures fonctionnelles et du matériel pédagogique sont nécessaires dans ces contextes.
The Ultimate Guide to Teacher Well-Being
This practical guide explains how education policy, school environments and individual habits can support teacher well-being. It presents research-based measures, implementation steps and examples from schools around the world, with dashboards for assessing the evidence and likely impact of each approach.
The AI city embodies five essential abilities: learning from the past, discovering rules, predicting future contexts, intelligent self-organization, and driving technological progress through demand.+3
technology
essentiel
Souligne que ces capacités sont des caractéristiques fondamentales de la ville IA.
The AI City
This book develops the concept of an artificial intelligence city and examines its theoretical foundations, technologies and applications. Practical cases explore how urban planning and intelligent systems can support city development, services and management.
The essential point is that the public may be able to refer to my work.+3
identity
essentiel
fondamental
Le point essentiel est l’idée centrale qui compte le plus dans l’argumentation.
The Extraordinary Adventures of Arsène Lupin, Gentleman-Burglar
"The Extraordinary Adventures of Arsène Lupin, Gentleman-Burglar" by Maurice Leblanc is a collection of stories published in 1907. This debut collection introduces the charming and cunning Arsène Lupin, a master thief who outsmarts police and high society alike. Through nine tales of daring heists, clever disguises, and audacious escapes, Lupin proves himself an unmatched criminal genius. From shipboard robberies to prison breaks, he taunts authorities—including a famous English detective—while stealing priceless treasures with impeccable style and wit.
Write at least 2 essential features for them to be trustworthy.+2
design
essentiel
indispensable
Décrit les caractéristiques considérées comme nécessaires pour qu’un produit soit digne de confiance.
User Experience + Artificial Intelligence: Assessing the Qualities of AI-infused Systems
This study develops a method for evaluating the user experience of systems that incorporate artificial intelligence. It examines existing approaches, validates the AIXE evaluation scale and applies it to domestic smart speakers.
Articles 3 and 104 require the publication of all laws as an essential requirement for their validity.+1
law
exigence essentielle à leur validité
Une condition nécessaire à la validité juridique des lois.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
the result occurred there at least to an essential degree+1
law
au moins dans une mesure substantielle
Fixe un seuil minimal quant à l’importance avec laquelle un résultat doit s’être produit sur un territoire.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
the conduct underlying the offence occurred wholly or in its essential parts on its territory+1
law
en totalité ou dans ses éléments essentiels
Une formulation juridique décrivant si la conduite a eu lieu entièrement ou dans une mesure significative sur un territoire donné.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
According to Solange II, the BVerfG ‘will no longer exercise its jurisdiction to decide on the applicability of secondary [law] … and it will no longer review [EU law]’ by the standard of national fundamental rights as long as the EU and the Court of Justice in particular ‘generally ensure effective protection of fundamental rights’at a degree ‘which is to be regarded as substantially similar to the protection of fundamental rights required unconditionally by the Constitution, and in so far as they generally safeguard the essential content of fundamental rights’.+1
law
contenu essentiel des droits fondamentaux
La substance essentielle des droits fondamentaux qui doit être préservée.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
Any limitation on the exercise of fundamental rights, civil liberties and the rights of the person subject to legal proceedings as provided for by the Constitution must respect their essential content.+1
law
contenu essentiel
La substance fondamentale d’un droit qui doit rester protégée même lorsque son exercice est limité.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
Second, it highlights and explains essential UX dimensions that are crucial for understanding and evaluating AI-based artefacts, also introducing new ones.+1
technology
dimensions essentielles de l’expérience utilisateur
Les aspects importants de l’expérience utilisateur qu’il faut prendre en compte.
User Experience + Artificial Intelligence: Assessing the Qualities of AI-infused Systems
This study develops a method for evaluating the user experience of systems that incorporate artificial intelligence. It examines existing approaches, validates the AIXE evaluation scale and applies it to domestic smart speakers.