In this case the CA makes inferences about the exclusionary effect of the specific conduct from the presumed exclusionary effect of the population of conducts/market conditions.+1
law
эффект вытеснения
Последствие поведения, которое вытесняет конкурентов с рынка или ставит их в невыгодное положение.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
The explanation of the result is intuitive: the lag effect is both due to the lag on the part of the national competition agencies (NCAs), on account of making competition law enforcement more effective through learning-by-doing, and the part of undertakings, as it takes time for the deterrent effect of competition law enforcement to become effective.+1
law
сдерживающий эффект
Эффект, который препятствует определённому поведению, делая его более затратным или рискованным.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
In the past decades, an effect-based approach has gained popularity.+1
law
подход, основанный на оценке последствий
Подход, при котором действия оцениваются по их фактическим или вероятным последствиям, а не только по их форме.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
effect social change+1
sociology
осуществить
осуществлять
В качестве глагола effect означает добиваться социальных изменений; это значение отличается от существительного со значением «результат».
Child-Centred Music Therapy
This book examines how the best interests of the child can guide music therapy theory, research and practice. Drawing on children’s rights and sociocultural perspectives, it reviews research on family care, education, mental health and paediatric settings, and discusses participation and ethical decision-making.
effecting an instant change in our understanding+1
general
вызывая
осуществлять
В качестве глагола effect означает вызывать экологические изменения, в отличие от простого отражения этих изменений.
Environmental Humanities in India
This collection examines environmental questions in India through literature, culture, Indigenous knowledge and the arts. Its essays explore relationships between people and landscapes, conservation, ecological justice and representations of environmental change.
In that sense, the impact of occupational well-being can be understood as a ripple effect with wide-ranging and lasting consequences.+1
education
эффект волны
эффект ряби
Распространяющаяся цепь последствий, вызванная одним первоначальным событием или изменением.
The Ultimate Guide to Teacher Well-Being
This practical guide explains how education policy, school environments and individual habits can support teacher well-being. It presents research-based measures, implementation steps and examples from schools around the world, with dashboards for assessing the evidence and likely impact of each approach.
This could be effected only in one way+1
general
осуществлён
обеспечить
Формальное употребление глагола в значении обеспечить электрический контакт.
Electricity for Boys
"Electricity for Boys" by James Slough Zerbe is a practical guide written in the early 20th century. This work falls within the category of educational publications aimed at teaching young boys the fundamental concepts and applications of electricity through hands-on experiments. It emphasizes the importance of practical experience and experimentation over theoretical knowledge alone. The beginning of the text introduces the fascinating world of electricity, stressing the value of learning through practical application while experimenting with various tools and techniques. Zerbe explains that electricity can be understood better when boys engage directly with the material rather than through rote memorization of its principles. He lays out the book's fundamental approach to education, which involves experimenting, building, and discovering the principles that govern electrical phenomena. This foundational philosophy sets the stage for the more detailed chapters on specific electrical concepts and devices, reflecting a broader goal of fostering critical thinking and hands-on learning among young readers.
The Memory Effect Became Smaller+1
psychology
эффект
Слово обозначает изучаемый результат и условия, при которых он возникает.
The Memory Effect Became Smaller
A complete original case with embedded dialogue and evidence limits.
The train cancellation has had a knock-on effect on my Central plans, so I won't be near Fix & Mend this morning.+1
work
косвенное последствие
цепной эффект
Вторичное последствие какого-либо события; здесь отмена поезда нарушила другие планы.
One Delay, Four Decisions
A complete fictional case in which a cancelled train forces Priya to postpone, delegate, protect fixed commitments and update three people.
And the King causes to be proclaimed what gift he will bestow upon him who shall effect the surrender of the town: a cup of great price weighing fifteen marks of gold, the richest in his treasure, shall be his reward.+1
warfare
добиться
осуществить
Effect здесь является формальным глаголом со значением «осуществить примирение», а не обычным существительным «результат».
Four Arthurian Romances
"Four Arthurian Romances" by Chrétien de Troyes is a collection of medieval narratives written in the latter part of the 12th century. This work encompasses the stories of four heroes: Erec, Cligés, Yvain, and Lancelot, each exploring the themes of chivalry, romance, and adventure intertwined with the sophisticated ideals of courtly love. The romances reflect the rich tapestry of Arthurian legend, showcasing knights undertaking noble quests and engaging in battles for honor and love. The opening of "Four Arthurian Romances" introduces the tale of Erec and Enide, beginning with King Arthur's court and the announcement of a hunt for the elusive White Stag, which involves a significant and potentially troublesome tradition. Erec, a prominent knight, is drawn into conflict after a dwarf and a knight insult and strike a damsel at the court. Following this assault, Erec seeks to avenge the honor of the lady, embarking on a quest that leads him through various perils and encounters. His journey sets the stage for themes of valor and love as Erec strives to prove himself worthy, ultimately leading to his romantic involvement with Enide and the promise of her marriage. The romance illustrates not just action and adventure, but also explores the emotional and social dynamics of courtly life in a quintessential chivalric manner.
But all their labour is in vain, for no matter how much they cast and shoot, their efforts are of no effect.+1
general
не имеющий никакого эффекта
безрезультатный
Не оказывающий никакого воздействия и не дающий результата.
Four Arthurian Romances
"Four Arthurian Romances" by Chrétien de Troyes is a collection of medieval narratives written in the latter part of the 12th century. This work encompasses the stories of four heroes: Erec, Cligés, Yvain, and Lancelot, each exploring the themes of chivalry, romance, and adventure intertwined with the sophisticated ideals of courtly love. The romances reflect the rich tapestry of Arthurian legend, showcasing knights undertaking noble quests and engaging in battles for honor and love. The opening of "Four Arthurian Romances" introduces the tale of Erec and Enide, beginning with King Arthur's court and the announcement of a hunt for the elusive White Stag, which involves a significant and potentially troublesome tradition. Erec, a prominent knight, is drawn into conflict after a dwarf and a knight insult and strike a damsel at the court. Following this assault, Erec seeks to avenge the honor of the lady, embarking on a quest that leads him through various perils and encounters. His journey sets the stage for themes of valor and love as Erec strives to prove himself worthy, ultimately leading to his romantic involvement with Enide and the promise of her marriage. The romance illustrates not just action and adventure, but also explores the emotional and social dynamics of courtly life in a quintessential chivalric manner.