a central issue in work and organizational research+14
research
ключевой
Подчёркивает, что профессиональные знания учителей необходимы для инициативы.
The Ultimate Guide to Teacher Well-Being
This practical guide explains how education policy, school environments and individual habits can support teacher well-being. It presents research-based measures, implementation steps and examples from schools around the world, with dashboards for assessing the evidence and likely impact of each approach.
Teachers co-design, adapt, and lead the initiative; their professional knowledge is central+7
education
профессиональные знания имеют ключевое значение
Профессиональная компетентность представлена как необходимое условие успеха инициативы.
The Ultimate Guide to Teacher Well-Being
This practical guide explains how education policy, school environments and individual habits can support teacher well-being. It presents research-based measures, implementation steps and examples from schools around the world, with dashboards for assessing the evidence and likely impact of each approach.
Train from Willowbank to Central+3
transport
Сентрал
Центральная станция
Централ
Заглавная буква указывает на имя собственное, однако в тексте не уточняется, какая именно это станция или место.
One Delay, Four Decisions
A complete fictional case in which a cancelled train forces Priya to postpone, delegate, protect fixed commitments and update three people.
The central authority for the issue and execution of EAWs in Cyprus is the Ministry of Justice and Public Order.+1
law
центральный орган
Уполномоченный центральный орган, занимающийся вопросами, связанными с европейским ордером на арест.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
Some emerging economies have a legacy of central planning.+1
economics
централизованное планирование
Экономическая система, в которой центральные органы принимают основные решения о производстве и распределении ресурсов.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
The tools assist decision makers by distinguishing central from secondary issues.+1
economics
отличая ключевые вопросы от второстепенных
отделение основных вопросов от второстепенных
Определение того, какие вопросы являются ключевыми, а какие — второстепенными.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
The urban core encompasses the city’s brain, cerebellum, and central nervous system.+1
technology
центральная нервная система
Биологический термин, который здесь метафорически обозначает центральную координирующую систему города.
The AI City
This book develops the concept of an artificial intelligence city and examines its theoretical foundations, technologies and applications. Practical cases explore how urban planning and intelligent systems can support city development, services and management.
Central European Constitutional Courts
geography
центральный
Часть регионального определения “Central European”, указывающего, какие суды рассматриваются.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
Central to the change was the adoption of the new Fundamental Law in 2011.
law
ключевым для этих изменений было
Инвертированная конструкция, подчёркивающая, что сыграло ключевую роль в изменениях.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
Hence, the so called ‘opening function’of the constitution will constantly grow in importance because the constitutions will have to provide the central channel for EU law and international law influences, and will have to serve as the most prominent linkage between the multiple levels and spheres of governance.
law
обеспечивать основной канал для
Служить основным путём, по которому что-либо передаётся или вступает в действие.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
It has a rigid, detailed legal character and establishes a constitutional court which plays a central role in ensuring the observance of the Constitution and the protection of constitutional fundamental rights.
general
играет центральную роль в
Описывает нечто как очень важное для процесса или результата.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
In the German case, the Court focused on the importance of the fact that Parliament remains the central decision-maker over the budget and that it retains a veto over the decisions of the ESM with Germany’s shares.
law
главный орган, принимающий решения
Основной орган, ответственный за принятие решений, в данном случае по вопросам бюджета.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.