Употреблено в философском смысле: человеческая жизнь и её возможное предназначение.
Disasters: Core Concepts and Ethical Theories
This Open Access Book is the first to examine disasters from a multidisciplinary perspective. Justification of actions in the face of disasters requires recourse both to conceptual analysis and ethical traditions. Part 1 of the book contains chapters on how disasters are conceptualized in different academic disciplines relevant to disasters. Part 2 has chapters on how ethical issues that arise in relation to disasters can be addressed from a number of fundamental normative approaches in moral and political philosophy. This book sets the stage for more focused normative debates given that no one book can be completely comprehensive.
The pure Existence thus binds all karmas of a jīva/soul to give it a physical shape.+5
philosophy
бытие
существование
Обозначает коллективные, непреднамеренные формы человеческой жизни и бытия, рассматриваемые в связи с геологической силой и видом.
Environmental Humanities in India
This collection examines environmental questions in India through literature, culture, Indigenous knowledge and the arts. Its essays explore relationships between people and landscapes, conservation, ecological justice and representations of environmental change.
a ‘decent human existence’+4
law
существование
Часть конституционного выражения «достойное существование», означающего достойный базовый уровень жизни.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
The following six modifications of the body of a living being (life) have been indicated in Indian tradition in Yaska’s Nirukta: Asti (existence), Jayate (birth), Vardhate (growth), Viparinamate (change), Apakshiyate (decay), Vinasyati (death) (Sarup, 1998).+3
biology
существование
«Social existence» означает его жизнь в обществе.
Environmental Humanities in India
This collection examines environmental questions in India through literature, culture, Indigenous knowledge and the arts. Its essays explore relationships between people and landscapes, conservation, ecological justice and representations of environmental change.
My measurements are not in existence.+2
general
существование
наличие
Здесь existence означает тот факт, что письма действительно существуют.
The Extraordinary Adventures of Arsène Lupin, Gentleman-Burglar
"The Extraordinary Adventures of Arsène Lupin, Gentleman-Burglar" by Maurice Leblanc is a collection of stories published in 1907. This debut collection introduces the charming and cunning Arsène Lupin, a master thief who outsmarts police and high society alike. Through nine tales of daring heists, clever disguises, and audacious escapes, Lupin proves himself an unmatched criminal genius. From shipboard robberies to prison breaks, he taunts authorities—including a famous English detective—while stealing priceless treasures with impeccable style and wit.
If we test the existence of causality between the prices of products X and Y, it is plausible that:+1
economics
наличие причинно-следственной связи
Наличие причинно-следственной связи между ценами продуктов.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
According to Buber, ontological existence is inherently relational.+1
philosophy
существование
В тексте утверждается, что устройство ухода формирует существование людей с деменцией и тех, кто за ними ухаживает.
Dementia Lab 2025: Ethics + Aesthetics in Design
This collection presents research on designing with and for people living with dementia. Its studies examine participatory methods, care environments, technology and everyday experiences, with attention to ethical questions and aesthetic engagement.
the conveniences of existence+1
general
жизнь
существование
Использовано в эволюционном выражении «борьба за существование», означающем конкуренцию, необходимую для выживания.
The Advance of Science in the Last Half-Century
"The Advance of Science in the Last Half-Century" by Thomas Henry Huxley is a scientific publication written in the late 19th century. The work examines the significant advancements in physical science, technology, and their impact on civilization over the past fifty years, showcasing how these developments have transformed human life and understanding. Huxley aims to provide a comprehensive overview of scientific progress and its implications for society. The opening of this publication sets the stage by reflecting upon the remarkable increase in industrial production and the pivotal role of physical science during the Victorian era. Huxley outlines how machinery and improved techniques have elevated living standards and mitigated suffering from diseases and scarcity. He discusses the historical context of scientific inquiry, highlighting the evolution of natural knowledge since ancient Greece and the importance of hypotheses in driving scientific progress. The beginning emphasizes the interconnectedness of scientific advancements with industrial growth and societal changes, asserting that the pursuit of knowledge has been, and should be, an intrinsic motivation beyond mere utilitarian outcomes.
Liverpool, now possessing the largest shipping tonnage in the world, had not yet come into existence.+1
history
возникнуть
Начать существовать.
Men of Invention and Industry
"Men of Invention and Industry" by Samuel Smiles is a historical account likely written in the late 19th century. The book examines the lives and contributions of various inventors and industrialists, highlighting their impact on society, particularly within British industry, with an emphasis on significant advancements such as shipbuilding and steam power. The opening of the book sets the stage with a discussion of the early history of English shipbuilding, beginning with the figure of Phineas Pett. It explores the humble beginnings of the British navy and the advancements made under historical figures like Henry VIII. Various early challenges in shipbuilding are elucidated, alongside the importance of foreign expertise in developing England’s maritime capabilities. The narrative illustrates a shift from a heavy reliance on importing goods and expertise to a burgeoning English independence in shipbuilding and trade, paving the way for a stronger national identity tied to maritime innovation.
Professor Foerster's chronology is generally accepted, and there is little likelihood of his being in error when he supposes Chrétien's work to have been done as follows: the lost "Tristan" (the existence of which is denied by Gaston Paris in "Journal des Savants", 1902, pp. 297 f.)+1
literature
существование
Выражение double existence представляет жизни двух возлюбленных как единое общее бытие.
Four Arthurian Romances
"Four Arthurian Romances" by Chrétien de Troyes is a collection of medieval narratives written in the latter part of the 12th century. This work encompasses the stories of four heroes: Erec, Cligés, Yvain, and Lancelot, each exploring the themes of chivalry, romance, and adventure intertwined with the sophisticated ideals of courtly love. The romances reflect the rich tapestry of Arthurian legend, showcasing knights undertaking noble quests and engaging in battles for honor and love. The opening of "Four Arthurian Romances" introduces the tale of Erec and Enide, beginning with King Arthur's court and the announcement of a hunt for the elusive White Stag, which involves a significant and potentially troublesome tradition. Erec, a prominent knight, is drawn into conflict after a dwarf and a knight insult and strike a damsel at the court. Following this assault, Erec seeks to avenge the honor of the lady, embarking on a quest that leads him through various perils and encounters. His journey sets the stage for themes of valor and love as Erec strives to prove himself worthy, ultimately leading to his romantic involvement with Enide and the promise of her marriage. The romance illustrates not just action and adventure, but also explores the emotional and social dynamics of courtly life in a quintessential chivalric manner.
Reduced to the most mediocre existence.+1
lifestyle
существование
жизнь
Здесь existence обозначает бедную и трудную жизнь героя; слово имеет литературный оттенок.
The Extraordinary Adventures of Arsène Lupin, Gentleman-Burglar
"The Extraordinary Adventures of Arsène Lupin, Gentleman-Burglar" by Maurice Leblanc is a collection of stories published in 1907. This debut collection introduces the charming and cunning Arsène Lupin, a master thief who outsmarts police and high society alike. Through nine tales of daring heists, clever disguises, and audacious escapes, Lupin proves himself an unmatched criminal genius. From shipboard robberies to prison breaks, he taunts authorities—including a famous English detective—while stealing priceless treasures with impeccable style and wit.