optional

UK
/ˈɒpʃənl/
US
/ˈɑːpʃənl/

Bibliothek

optional grounds for refusal +20
law
факультативный
необязательный
Описывает референдум, который может быть инициирован при определённых условиях, а не является обязательным в каждом случае.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
The break is described on the welcome sheet as optional. +3
work
необязательный
Перерыв сохраняют как вариант на выбор, а не делают обязательным.
One Tea Break, Two Experiences
Two colleagues discuss the same ten-minute workplace break and reveal how role, timing and access affect an apparently shared custom.
An optional referendum means that a vote only takes place if it is actively requested by at least 50,000 citizens within 100 days of the official publication of the underlying act. +2
law
факультативный референдум
Референдум, который может быть инициирован в установленном порядке, а не проводится автоматически.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
Initially, the intention of the FD EAW was that the grounds for optional non-execution should be determined by judges and not the national legislator, and it was considered to be mistake if a Member State made a ground for optional refusal mandatory. +1
law
основания для факультативного отказа от исполнения
основания для факультативного отказа в исполнении
Правовые основания, позволяющие органу, но не обязывающие его, отказать в исполнении ордера или запроса.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
in accordance with the optional rule in Art. +1
law
факультативное правило
Правило, применение которого является возможным, но не обязательным.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
The optional grounds for refusal in the revised Framework Decision of 2009 concerning trial in abstentia is implemented differently and turned into a mandatory ground for refusal in the OLW (Art. 12). +1
law
факультативные основания для отказа
Основания, которые позволяют отказать, но не обязывают это делать.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
Sharing in final ten minutes optional; observing welcome. +1
privacy
необязательный
Участники могут показать свои работы, но это не обязательно.
Riverside Sketch Club: options and newcomer card
Accessible representation of the independent PDF and its original visual. Same document, not a third independent material.
Dev explained that sharing was optional for everyone. +1
social
необязательный
Участие в обмене не обязательно: каждый решает сам.
An invitation with room to say no
A complete original case with embedded dialogue and evidence limits.
An optional shared lunch begins at 12:30 on Fridays. +1
workplace
необязательный
Участие должно быть выбором, а не обязательным требованием.
Two Interviews: The Friday Shared Lunch
Accessible representation of the independent transfer-case PDF. Same document, not an extra reading material.
Remote viewing is useful but optional. +1
technology
необязательный
Удалённый просмотр был бы для них полезен, но не относится к обязательным требованиям.
Comfort Without an Unnecessary Data Trail
Original evidence-led technical case for Choosing a Smart Thermostat with Privacy in Mind.
Images are optional. +1
academic
необязательный
Изображения можно включить, но задание этого не требует.
ENV104 Field-Note Assignment Brief — Accessible HTML
Complete semantic HTML alternative to the generated printable PDF.
photographs are optional +1
education
необязательный
Фотографии разрешены, но для выполнения задания не обязательны.
Two Questions, Not 'Please Explain Everything'
A complete fictional case in which a student audits a field-note assignment, removes answered questions and sends a concise clarification email.