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reference
UK
/ˈrɛf.ər.əns/
US
/ˈrɛf.ər.əns/
Library
a valuable reference and inspiration
publishing
справочный источник
Описывает сборник как полезный источник для будущих читателей и исследователей.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
In the case of the heat pump use, the temperature of the freezing point of = water can be set as a reference (Tset 0 °C).
engineering
задать в качестве опорного значения
Установить как значение, используемое для сравнения или управления.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
It can be a fixed value of this temperature taken as a reference.
engineering
принимаемый за опорное значение
Используемый как опорное значение, относительно которого определяются другие значения или настройки.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
The moment of connecting the heating device can be used as a reference point, but the ground filler begins to charge when the sensor responds.
engineering
точка отсчёта
Момент или положение, используемые как основа для сравнения или измерения.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
Deviations were calculated as the absolute difference between HBIM-derived values and reference measurements.
measurement
эталонные измерения
Измерения, используемые как стандарт для сравнения с другими значениями.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
The paper proposes a reference UDT architecture that integrates real-time sensing, semantic and spatial data representation, and participatory features.
technology
эталонная архитектура городского цифрового двойника
Предлагаемая модель архитектуры, которая может служить ориентиром при проектировании городского цифрового двойника.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
Drawing from these insights, the paper proposes a five-layer reference architecture for UDTs designed to support adaptive, inclusive, and data-driven urban greening efforts.
technology
пятислойная эталонная архитектура
Модельная архитектура из пяти уровней, которая может служить основой для проектирования систем городских цифровых двойников.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
The management of buildings, with particular reference to energy and environ-mental aspects, is now one of the main objectives that all European Union states must pursue to ensure increasingly sustainable buildings.
general
особенно в отношении
Используется, чтобы выделить аспект или тему, которым уделяется особое внимание.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
This volume will serve as a valuable reference and inspiration for future research and innovation.
general
послужить ценным справочным источником и источником вдохновения
Быть полезным в качестве источника информации и идей.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
could be referenced throughout the design process
research
обращаться к
Означает, что к зафиксированным рассказам можно было обращаться на протяжении процесса проектирования.
Dementia Lab 2025: Ethics + Aesthetics in Design
This collection presents research on designing with and for people living with dementia. Its studies examine participatory methods, care environments, technology and everyday experiences, with attention to ethical questions and aesthetic engagement.
This removes formal visual reference altogether, and no connections can be made to one’s existing understanding of food.
design
ориентир
В выражении «визуальный ориентир» это внешний вид, который помогает распознать еду и соотнести её с уже знакомыми представлениями.
Dementia Lab 2025: Ethics + Aesthetics in Design
This collection presents research on designing with and for people living with dementia. Its studies examine participatory methods, care environments, technology and everyday experiences, with attention to ethical questions and aesthetic engagement.
the following project references: ID + R&D Unit—UIDB/04057/2020
research
реквизиты проекта
Здесь “project references” означает идентификационные коды, перечисленные после двоеточия, а не библиографические ссылки.
Dementia Lab 2025: Ethics + Aesthetics in Design
This collection presents research on designing with and for people living with dementia. Its studies examine participatory methods, care environments, technology and everyday experiences, with attention to ethical questions and aesthetic engagement.