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established
UK
/ɪˈstæblɪʃt/
US
/ɪˈstæblɪʃt/
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Contenido multimedia
326
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335
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a general provision in UK law
establishing
the extent
+21
law
устанавливать
установить
закреплять
закрепить
установленный
установил
установлены
создавать
Указывает, что правило о верховенстве было установлено как применимое ко всему международному праву.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
the then recently
established
European Coal and Steel Community
+9
history
создать
учреждать
создавать
учреждённый
Описывает суд, учреждённый в соответствии с требованиями закона.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
an investigation to
establish
whether the police are using RIPA to circumvent press protection in the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, following complaints that police have accessed electronic records to identify journalists’sources without authorisation by a court.
+8
law
установить
определить
установлено
Означает, что соответствие конституции уже было установлено.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
Using sustainable, smart and energy-saving technologies, dozens of smart projects such as sustainable transportation systems, sustainable public spaces, and sustainable living have been
established
.
+7
urban
создавать
создать
учредить
сформировать
Используется в значении создания организации OpenAI.
The AI City
This book develops the concept of an artificial intelligence city and examines its theoretical foundations, technologies and applications. Practical cases explore how urban planning and intelligent systems can support city development, services and management.
Any restriction has to be
established by law
, which has to be necessary, abstract, general and cannot have retroactive effect or reduce the extent or the scope of the essential content of the constitutional right to privacy (Art. 18(2) and (3)).
+5
law
установлено законом
установленный законом
установленные законом
созданный в соответствии с законом
Установлено или разрешено правовой нормой либо законом.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
But, apart from the fact that he could not have bound himself in that manner, it was
established
that the writing on the card was entirely different from that of Rozaine, but, on the contrary, resembled the handwriting of Arsène Lupin as it was reproduced in an old newspaper found on board.
+5
crime
установить
доказать
установленный
установил
Здесь establish означает установить, существует ли связь.
The Extraordinary Adventures of Arsène Lupin, Gentleman-Burglar
"The Extraordinary Adventures of Arsène Lupin, Gentleman-Burglar" by Maurice Leblanc is a collection of stories published in 1907. This debut collection introduces the charming and cunning Arsène Lupin, a master thief who outsmarts police and high society alike. Through nine tales of daring heists, clever disguises, and audacious escapes, Lupin proves himself an unmatched criminal genius. From shipboard robberies to prison breaks, he taunts authorities—including a famous English detective—while stealing priceless treasures with impeccable style and wit.
The first of her extensive colonial possessions was
established
in this reign.
+4
history
основать
наладить
создать
учредить
Описывает создание национальных школ.
Men of Invention and Industry
"Men of Invention and Industry" by Samuel Smiles is a historical account likely written in the late 19th century. The book examines the lives and contributions of various inventors and industrialists, highlighting their impact on society, particularly within British industry, with an emphasis on significant advancements such as shipbuilding and steam power. The opening of the book sets the stage with a discussion of the early history of English shipbuilding, beginning with the figure of Phineas Pett. It explores the humble beginnings of the British navy and the advancements made under historical figures like Henry VIII. Various early challenges in shipbuilding are elucidated, alongside the importance of foreign expertise in developing England’s maritime capabilities. The narrative illustrates a shift from a heavy reliance on importing goods and expertise to a burgeoning English independence in shipbuilding and trade, paving the way for a stronger national identity tied to maritime innovation.
These changes are discussed in the Comparative Study in the light of emerging literature where concerns have been expressed about the displacement or exclusion of constitutional courts and national highest courts, along with their
well-established case law
.
+3
law
устоявшаяся судебная практика
Совокупность судебных решений, сформировавшаяся и последовательно применяемая на протяжении длительного времени.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
the
established
standards in different Member States
+2
law
устоявшийся
сложившийся
Описывает правовые стандарты, ставшие общепринятыми ориентирами.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
There was also one case, Kamberaj, where the referring judge tried to obtain an argument to question the
established case law
of the Constitutional Court.
+2
law
сложившаяся судебная практика
Уже сформировавшаяся и признанная судебная практика.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
In this area it is
well established
that the EU Courts apply a stricter test.
+2
law
прочно утвердившийся
общепризнанный
Прочно признанный или утвердившийся в качестве сложившейся правовой позиции.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
Therefore, the primary issue in most of these cases is to
establish
a causal link between plaintiffs’loss and the actions or omissions of the defendant.
+2
law
установить
устанавливать
определить
Здесь establish означает точно выяснить, в чём заключаются соответствующие проблемы со здоровьем.
Disasters: Core Concepts and Ethical Theories
This Open Access Book is the first to examine disasters from a multidisciplinary perspective. Justification of actions in the face of disasters requires recourse both to conceptual analysis and ethical traditions. Part 1 of the book contains chapters on how disasters are conceptualized in different academic disciplines relevant to disasters. Part 2 has chapters on how ethical issues that arise in relation to disasters can be addressed from a number of fundamental normative approaches in moral and political philosophy. This book sets the stage for more focused normative debates given that no one book can be completely comprehensive.
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Resumen
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