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circular
UK
/ˈsɜː.kjʊ.lər/
US
/ˈsɜr.kjə.lɚ/
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95
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23
Filtres
Circulars
and policy documents need not be published.
+1
law
циркуляры
Один из видов административных актов, упомянутый наряду с министерскими приказами.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
a sustainable, energy-efficient, and
circular
sector
+1
sustainability
циркулярный
Относится к принципам циркулярного строительства, направленным на сокращение отходов и повторное использование материалов.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
The left side features a
circular
arrangement of colored figures, each in different shades, representing a variety of colors.
+1
design
круговой
круглый
Описывает форму зелёной наклейки в подписи к изображению.
Dementia Lab 2025: Ethics + Aesthetics in Design
This collection presents research on designing with and for people living with dementia. Its studies examine participatory methods, care environments, technology and everyday experiences, with attention to ethical questions and aesthetic engagement.
Circular
to Italian Consuls
+1
politics
циркуляр
информационный бюллетень
Эти бюллетени рассылались астрономам, чтобы сообщать о новых открытиях.
Men of Invention and Industry
"Men of Invention and Industry" by Samuel Smiles is a historical account likely written in the late 19th century. The book examines the lives and contributions of various inventors and industrialists, highlighting their impact on society, particularly within British industry, with an emphasis on significant advancements such as shipbuilding and steam power. The opening of the book sets the stage with a discussion of the early history of English shipbuilding, beginning with the figure of Phineas Pett. It explores the humble beginnings of the British navy and the advancements made under historical figures like Henry VIII. Various early challenges in shipbuilding are elucidated, alongside the importance of foreign expertise in developing England’s maritime capabilities. The narrative illustrates a shift from a heavy reliance on importing goods and expertise to a burgeoning English independence in shipbuilding and trade, paving the way for a stronger national identity tied to maritime innovation.
they are trapped in a
circular
argument
law
круговой
В выражении circular argument рассуждение замыкается в круг, а не обосновывает вывод независимо.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
Those who would argue otherwise are
trapped in a circular argument
.
law
оказаться в замкнутом круге рассуждений
Оказаться в рассуждении, которое ходит по кругу или опирается на собственный вывод.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
mostly
circulars
addressed to the administration
administration
циркуляр
Здесь циркуляры — это административные документы, разъясняющие применение правил.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
The garden city has a
circular
plan.
urbanism
круговой
Так описывается общая форма плана города-сада.
The AI City
This book develops the concept of an artificial intelligence city and examines its theoretical foundations, technologies and applications. Practical cases explore how urban planning and intelligent systems can support city development, services and management.
The garden city has a
circular plan
, with a radius of about 1,240 yards.
urbanism
круговая планировка
Планировка, при которой город организован в форме круга.
The AI City
This book develops the concept of an artificial intelligence city and examines its theoretical foundations, technologies and applications. Practical cases explore how urban planning and intelligent systems can support city development, services and management.
Incremental Digital Twin Conceptualisations Targeting
Data-Driven Circular Construction
.
construction
циркулярное строительство на основе данных
Циркулярный подход к строительству, основанный на данных, при котором материалы и ресурсы используются эффективно и дольше остаются в обороте.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
The framework provides a strategic pathway to achieving a fully integrated digital built environment, ultimately accelerating the
transition to a sustainable, energy-efficient, and circular sector
.
sustainability
переход к устойчивому, энергоэффективному сектору с замкнутым циклом
Переход к отрасли, которая бережно относится к окружающей среде, эффективно использует энергию и придерживается принципов экономики замкнутого цикла.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
Then, we illustrated the steps
in a circular loop
to represent the routine nature of the activity, which can be re-initiated.
design
по замкнутому циклу
Представленный в виде цикла, чтобы показать, что процесс может повторяться.
Dementia Lab 2025: Ethics + Aesthetics in Design
This collection presents research on designing with and for people living with dementia. Its studies examine participatory methods, care environments, technology and everyday experiences, with attention to ethical questions and aesthetic engagement.
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