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bidirectional
UK
/ˌbaɪdaɪˈrɛkʃənl/
US
/ˌbaɪdəˈrɛkʃənl/
Библиотека
bi-directional data flows +8
computing
bidirectionnel
Décrit l’échange de données qui circule entre les environnements physiques et virtuels dans les deux sens.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
(bidirectional causality) +2
economics
bidirectionnel
Il décrit une causalité réciproque entre les prix des produits.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
A core aspect of DTw in the AECO sector is their ability to facilitate bidirectional data exchange between physical and virtual environments, progressing through dis-tinct stages: Digital Models (no data exchange), Digital Shadows (unidirectional data exchange), and fully integrated Digital Twins (bidirectional data exchange) +1
technology
échange bidirectionnel de données
Le flux de données dans les deux sens entre des environnements physiques et virtuels.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
The test examines whether causality exists, and if it does, whether it is unidirectional or bidirectional.
econometrics
unidirectionnelle ou bidirectionnelle
Décrit si une relation causale s’établit dans une seule direction ou dans les deux directions.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
In addition to that, the purpose of the empirical work was to obtain an answer as t the existence of causality of the price of product A against products B and C, and if any, whether the causalities were unidirectional- or bidirectional in nature.
economics
de nature unidirectionnelle ou bidirectionnelle
Décrit si les relations causales vont dans une seule direction ou dans les deux directions.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
The price movement of product X causes the price movement of product Y, while simultaneously price movement of product Y causes the price movement of product X (bidirectional causality).
economics
causalité bidirectionnelle
Une relation causale dans laquelle les mouvements de prix de chacun des deux produits provoquent des mouvements de prix de l’autre.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
As such it has a bidirectional channel of commu-nication, from citizens to organization and from organization to citizens.
communication
canal bidirectionnel
Un canal de communication qui permet à l’information de circuler dans les deux sens.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
In the case of bidirectional information exchange, a crucial point of discussion is how data is transmitted from the digital model to the physical entity.
technology
échange bidirectionnel d’informations
L’échange d’informations dans les deux sens entre deux systèmes ou entités connectés.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
Bidirectional data transfer demands expertise in sensor calibration and measurement, along with proficiency in communication protocols to ensure accurate time stamping and evaluation of data latency and temporal validity.
technology
transfert bidirectionnel de données
L’échange de données dans les deux sens entre des systèmes ou des appareils connectés.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
These protocols will form the basis of bidirectional communication between the prototype system and its digital model.
technology
communication bidirectionnelle
Communication dans laquelle l’information peut circuler dans les deux sens entre deux systèmes ou participants.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
The DT concept comprises three elements: 1) a physical system, 2) a virtual system, and 3) a bidirectional data flow between the physical and virtual systems
construction
flux bidirectionnel de données entre le système physique et le système virtuel
Transfert de données qui s’effectue dans les deux sens entre un système physique et son équivalent virtuel.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
Linking availability expectations, bidirectional boundary management behavior and preferences, and employee well-being:
work
bidirectionnelle
Décrit une gestion des frontières qui fonctionne dans les deux sens entre le travail et la vie personnelle.
The Ultimate Guide to Teacher Well-Being
This practical guide explains how education policy, school environments and individual habits can support teacher well-being. It presents research-based measures, implementation steps and examples from schools around the world, with dashboards for assessing the evidence and likely impact of each approach.
