defiling

This collection examines environmental questions in India through literature, culture, Indigenous knowledge and the arts. Its essays explore relationships between people and landscapes, conservation, ecological justice and representations of environmental change.

This collection examines environmental questions in India through literature, culture, Indigenous knowledge and the arts. Its essays explore relationships between people and landscapes, conservation, ecological justice and representations of environmental change.

"The Bridge-Builders" by Rudyard Kipling is a short story written in the early 20th century. This narrative is steeped in the themes of engineering, resilience, and the interplay between human endeavor and nature, as it focuses on the arduous construction of a bridge over the Ganges River in India. The story addresses the challenges faced by its protagonist, Findlayson, and explores the relationship between the builders and the powerful forces of nature symbolized by the river. The tale revolves around Findlayson, the chief engineer overseeing the construction of the Kashi Bridge, and his assistant Hitchcock, as they confront an impending flood that threatens their work. Together, they navigate physical and bureaucratic challenges while managing a diverse team of workers, including Peroo, a skilled Lascar who plays a crucial role in the project's success. As the floodwaters rise, tensions mount, and the characters grapple with their fears and ambitions, leading to a climactic moment in which the bridge's fate hangs in the balance. This intersection of human skill and the unpredictable might of nature provides a rich backdrop for Kipling’s exploration of duty, sacrifice, and the enduring nature of human achievement amidst adversity.

"The Bridge-Builders" by Rudyard Kipling is a short story written in the early 20th century. This narrative is steeped in the themes of engineering, resilience, and the interplay between human endeavor and nature, as it focuses on the arduous construction of a bridge over the Ganges River in India. The story addresses the challenges faced by its protagonist, Findlayson, and explores the relationship between the builders and the powerful forces of nature symbolized by the river. The tale revolves around Findlayson, the chief engineer overseeing the construction of the Kashi Bridge, and his assistant Hitchcock, as they confront an impending flood that threatens their work. Together, they navigate physical and bureaucratic challenges while managing a diverse team of workers, including Peroo, a skilled Lascar who plays a crucial role in the project's success. As the floodwaters rise, tensions mount, and the characters grapple with their fears and ambitions, leading to a climactic moment in which the bridge's fate hangs in the balance. This intersection of human skill and the unpredictable might of nature provides a rich backdrop for Kipling’s exploration of duty, sacrifice, and the enduring nature of human achievement amidst adversity.

"King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table" by Sir Thomas Malory is a prose compilation written around 1470. This Middle English work weaves together legendary tales of King Arthur, Guinevere, Lancelot, Merlin, and the Knights of the Round Table. Malory assembled and reworked material from various French and English sources to create a complete narrative spanning Arthur's conception to his death. The compilation includes the quest for the Holy Grail and the legend of Tristan and Iseult, creating one of the most influential works of Arthurian literature.