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bidirectional
UK
/ˌbaɪdaɪˈrɛkʃənl/
US
/ˌbaɪdəˈrɛkʃənl/
Library
bi-directional data flows +8
computing
двунаправленный
двусторонний
Описывает канал, по которому информация передаётся в обоих направлениях.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
(bidirectional causality) +2
economics
двунаправленный
Описывает связь, при которой каждый временной ряд может помогать предсказывать другой.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
A core aspect of DTw in the AECO sector is their ability to facilitate bidirectional data exchange between physical and virtual environments, progressing through dis-tinct stages: Digital Models (no data exchange), Digital Shadows (unidirectional data exchange), and fully integrated Digital Twins (bidirectional data exchange) +1
technology
двунаправленный обмен данными
Передача данных в обоих направлениях между физической и виртуальной средами.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
The test examines whether causality exists, and if it does, whether it is unidirectional or bidirectional.
econometrics
однонаправленная или двунаправленная
Описывает, действует ли причинная связь в одном направлении или в обоих.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
In addition to that, the purpose of the empirical work was to obtain an answer as t the existence of causality of the price of product A against products B and C, and if any, whether the causalities were unidirectional- or bidirectional in nature.
economics
однонаправленными или двунаправленными по своей природе
Описывает, направлены ли причинно-следственные связи в одну или обе стороны.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
The price movement of product X causes the price movement of product Y, while simultaneously price movement of product Y causes the price movement of product X (bidirectional causality).
economics
двунаправленная причинность
Причинная связь, при которой изменение цены каждого из двух товаров вызывает изменение цены другого.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
As such it has a bidirectional channel of commu-nication, from citizens to organization and from organization to citizens.
communication
двусторонний канал
Канал коммуникации, позволяющий передавать информацию в обоих направлениях.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
In the case of bidirectional information exchange, a crucial point of discussion is how data is transmitted from the digital model to the physical entity.
technology
двусторонний обмен информацией
Обмен информацией в обоих направлениях между двумя связанными системами или объектами.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
Bidirectional data transfer demands expertise in sensor calibration and measurement, along with proficiency in communication protocols to ensure accurate time stamping and evaluation of data latency and temporal validity.
technology
двунаправленная передача данных
Обмен данными в обоих направлениях между связанными системами или устройствами.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
These protocols will form the basis of bidirectional communication between the prototype system and its digital model.
technology
двусторонняя связь
Обмен информацией, который может происходить в обоих направлениях между двумя системами или участниками.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
The DT concept comprises three elements: 1) a physical system, 2) a virtual system, and 3) a bidirectional data flow between the physical and virtual systems
construction
двунаправленный поток данных между физической и виртуальной системами
Передача данных в обоих направлениях между физической системой и её виртуальным аналогом.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
Linking availability expectations, bidirectional boundary management behavior and preferences, and employee well-being:
work
двусторонний
Описывает управление границами в обоих направлениях между работой и личной жизнью.
The Ultimate Guide to Teacher Well-Being
This practical guide explains how education policy, school environments and individual habits can support teacher well-being. It presents research-based measures, implementation steps and examples from schools around the world, with dashboards for assessing the evidence and likely impact of each approach.
