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bottom up
Library
A key aspect of this layer is requirement identification, which follows a combined top-down and bottom-up approach [28]. +1
technology
подход сверху вниз и снизу вверх
Метод, который объединяет цели высокого уровня с потребностями, выявленными на этапах реализации.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
The layer uses a bottom-up approach to refine validation criteria based on real-world data sources and stakeholder needs.
technology
подход снизу вверх
Подход, при котором правила разрабатываются или уточняются на основе реальных данных и потребностей заинтересованных сторон.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.