An international coinage is, again, a prime necessity, which would possess immense commercial advantages in addition to the great saving of trouble it would effect.
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ°: ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ, ΠΎΠ½Π° Π΄Π°Π»Π° Π±Ρ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅.
opening the mints of the United States to the free coinage of silver at the ratio of sixteen to one, with gold,
ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡΡ Π‘ΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π¨ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Ρ Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ,
There is no government coinage whatever.
ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅Ρ.
In Spain, for instance, the Moors kept up a tradition of gold coinage similar to that of Rome, from the eighth to the middle of the thirteenth century.
Π ΠΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΌΠ°Π²ΡΡ Ρ VIII Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ XIII Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ, ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ.
In the case of Luebeck direct documentary evidence of transactions relating to the introduction of a gold coinage has survived among the archives of that state.
Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΡΠ±Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°Ρ , ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Ρ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π² Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°.
Even before the adoption of a gold coinage by Edward III., England had felt the effect of loss by exchange, owing to the introduction of gold florins by means of the Flemish trade.
ΠΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ III Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π»Ρ Ρ Π€Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ.
The gold crown is a 10-mark piece, is 9/10 fine, and struck at a tale of 139-1/2 pieces to the German pound; charge for coinage, 3 marks per pound of fine gold.
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π° β ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ° Π² 10 ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ 9/10, ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎ 139Β½ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ°; ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ° Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΊΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 3 ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°.
Thereupon Bland, one of the members of the commission, proposed in the House of Representatives the re-establishment of the double standard, at the old ratio of 1:15.988, with free coinage of silver.
Π’ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΠ»ΡΠ½Π΄, ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ» Π² ΠΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ 1:15,988 ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ°.
The dismemberment of Charlemagne's Empire is followed by a gap in the Venetian coinage, and the series only recommences in the eleventh century.
ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π° ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠ»Π° ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² Π²Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π² XI Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ΅.
The first effectual regulation of the silver coinage was made in the ordinance of Charles V. of 22nd February 1542.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ°ΡΠ»Π° V ΠΎΡ 22 ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°Π»Ρ 1542 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°.
It appears to me impossible that the King of France can take a seignorage of 8 per cent upon the coinage.
ΠΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ Π²Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΡ.