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confounding

/kənˈfaʊndɪŋ/

confoundinggerund / present participle

/kənˈfaʊndɪŋ/

Used attributively and predicatively to describe something that confuses.

Translations

сбивающий с толку

The confounding results of the experiment left the scientists puzzled.

Сбивающие с толку результаты эксперимента оставили ученых в недоумении.

запутывающий

The confounding nature of the puzzle made it difficult to solve.

Запутывающий характер головоломки затруднял её решение.

Definitions

Causing confusion or perplexity; bewildering.

The confounding instructions left everyone unsure of how to proceed.

Surprisingly complex or difficult to understand.

The confounding puzzle took hours to solve.

Synonyms

confoundingnoun

/kənˈfaʊndɪŋ/

Uncountable term in statistics/epidemiology for distortion of effects.

Definitions

The distortion of the observed relationship between an exposure and an outcome caused by the influence of a third variable.

Researchers adjusted their analysis to minimise confounding by socioeconomic status.

Synonyms

confounding variable

confoundverb

confounding

Gerund

confounded

Past Simple

confounded

Past Participle

confounding

Gerund

/kənˈfaʊnd/

Translations

сбивать с толку

The magician's trick confounded the audience.

Фокус мага сбил с толку зрителей.

путать

People often confound the two species.

Люди часто путают эти два вида.

опровергнуть

The new evidence confounded the previous theory.

Новые доказательства опровергли прежнюю теорию.

смущать

His sudden question confounded her.

Его внезапный вопрос смутил её.

ставить в тупик

His complicated explanation confounded me.

Его сложное объяснение поставило меня в тупик.

расстраиватьОбычно о планах, замыслах.

The sudden storm confounded our plans for a picnic.

Внезапная буря расстроила наши планы на пикник.

Additional translations

смешиватьО смешении элементов так, что их трудно различить.

срыватьКнижн./устар.; чаще о планах, замыслах, надеждах.

посрамлятьКнижн./устар.

Definitions

To cause surprise or confusion in someone, especially by acting against their expectations.

The magician's tricks confound the audience every time.

To confuse or mix up (a person, thing, or idea) with another; to fail to distinguish correctly between two things.

Do not confound correlation with causation.

To prove a theory, expectation, or prediction wrong.

The scientist's new findings confound the previous hypothesis.

Archaic: To defeat, overthrow, or bring to ruin (plans, hopes, or an enemy); to thwart.

May their evil schemes be confounded before they come to fruition.

Synonyms

confoundnoun

Definitions

An extraneous factor that obscures or distorts the causal relationship between variables in an experiment or study.

Failure to control for temperature was a major confound in the results.

confoundinterjection

Definitions

Used as a mild exclamation to express annoyance, anger, or surprise.

Confound! I left my wallet at home.

confoundadjective

Definitions

Serving as a confounding factor; likely to distort or obscure interpretation (especially in statistics/experimental design).

Age was treated as a confound variable in the regression model.