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crude
UK
/kruːd/
US
/kruːd/
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They took that baseline to be the average mortality for developing countries as a whole in 1990, arriving at a threshold
crude
mortality rate of 1 death per 10,000 population per day.
+2
demography
общий
общий, нескорректированный
В выражении «общий коэффициент смертности» указывает на показатель для всего населения без демографической корректировки.
Disasters: Core Concepts and Ethical Theories
This Open Access Book is the first to examine disasters from a multidisciplinary perspective. Justification of actions in the face of disasters requires recourse both to conceptual analysis and ethical traditions. Part 1 of the book contains chapters on how disasters are conceptualized in different academic disciplines relevant to disasters. Part 2 has chapters on how ethical issues that arise in relation to disasters can be addressed from a number of fundamental normative approaches in moral and political philosophy. This book sets the stage for more focused normative debates given that no one book can be completely comprehensive.
Polish the first coats with haircloth or curled hair, and the last with pulverized pumice stone, mixed with raw linseed or
crude
oil.
+1
woodworking
нерафинированный
неочищенный
В данном контексте crude описывает масло для отделки, а не обязательно сырую нефть.
Mission Furniture: How to Make It, Part 3
"Mission Furniture: How to Make It, Part 3" by H. H. Windsor is a practical handbook written in the early 20th century, specifically in 1912. This instructional guide falls under the genre of DIY (Do It Yourself) manuals, focusing on the craftsmanship of mission-style furniture. It is part of a series published under the Popular Mechanics brand, indicating an emphasis on accessible, easily understood information for woodworking enthusiasts of varying skill levels. The opening portion of the book introduces the reader to various projects involved in building mission-style furniture. It outlines the materials and dimensions required for constructing different pieces, including a piano bench, library table, princess dresser, sewing box, and fern stand, among others. Each piece includes detailed instructions on measuring, cutting, and assembling, showcasing Windsor's intention to empower readers to create their own furniture at home. This section serves as an introduction to the comprehensive guidance on crafting that follows in the subsequent chapters, appealing to both novice and experienced woodworkers.
they never surpass the
crude level of detail
of simple declarations
general
крайне упрощённый уровень детализации
Примитивная или недостаточно проработанная степень детализации.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
They took that baseline to be the average mortality for developing countries as a whole in 1990, arriving at a threshold
crude mortality rate
of 1 death per 10,000 population per day.
epidemiology
общий коэффициент смертности
Число смертей в населении за определённый период без поправки на такие факторы, как возраст.
Disasters: Core Concepts and Ethical Theories
This Open Access Book is the first to examine disasters from a multidisciplinary perspective. Justification of actions in the face of disasters requires recourse both to conceptual analysis and ethical traditions. Part 1 of the book contains chapters on how disasters are conceptualized in different academic disciplines relevant to disasters. Part 2 has chapters on how ethical issues that arise in relation to disasters can be addressed from a number of fundamental normative approaches in moral and political philosophy. This book sets the stage for more focused normative debates given that no one book can be completely comprehensive.
Crude birth rate
(births/1000/year)
demography
общий коэффициент рождаемости
Число рождений на 1 000 человек в год без поправки на возрастную структуру населения.
Disasters: Core Concepts and Ethical Theories
This Open Access Book is the first to examine disasters from a multidisciplinary perspective. Justification of actions in the face of disasters requires recourse both to conceptual analysis and ethical traditions. Part 1 of the book contains chapters on how disasters are conceptualized in different academic disciplines relevant to disasters. Part 2 has chapters on how ethical issues that arise in relation to disasters can be addressed from a number of fundamental normative approaches in moral and political philosophy. This book sets the stage for more focused normative debates given that no one book can be completely comprehensive.
Crude death rate
(deaths/1000/year
demography
общий коэффициент смертности
Число смертей на 1 000 человек в год без поправки на различия в возрасте или другие характеристики населения.
Disasters: Core Concepts and Ethical Theories
This Open Access Book is the first to examine disasters from a multidisciplinary perspective. Justification of actions in the face of disasters requires recourse both to conceptual analysis and ethical traditions. Part 1 of the book contains chapters on how disasters are conceptualized in different academic disciplines relevant to disasters. Part 2 has chapters on how ethical issues that arise in relation to disasters can be addressed from a number of fundamental normative approaches in moral and political philosophy. This book sets the stage for more focused normative debates given that no one book can be completely comprehensive.
the rather
crude
instrument of absolute input foreclosure
economics
грубый
Используется в переносном смысле: полное ограничение доступа к ресурсу характеризуется как примитивная стратегия.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
This may be a
crude
measure of access to finance.
economics
приблизительный
Слово указывает на то, что отношение кредитования к ВВП является лишь приблизительной мерой доступа к финансированию.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
We acknowledge the fact that this may be a
crude measure of
access to finance.
economics
приблизительный показатель
Простой или неточный способ измерения чего-либо.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
crude
planning strategies
surveying
грубый
примитивный
Характеризует стратегии планирования как слишком примитивные для сложных условий сканирования.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
Traditional TLS planning methods often rely on
crude planning strategies
.
surveying
примитивные стратегии планирования
Простые или недостаточно продуманные подходы к планированию процесса сканирования.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
crude
binaries such as the West/the Rest
literature
упрощённый
Здесь слово означает «упрощённый», а не «сырой» или «необработанный».
European Theatre Migrants in the Age of Empire
This collection examines the journeys and working lives of European theatre practitioners during the age of empire. Historical case studies explore migration, performance, cultural exchange and the political conditions shaping theatrical careers across national borders.
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