former

UK
/ˈfɔːmə/
US
/ˈfɔrmɚ/

Library

The four masts were made in one continuous length, with fore-and-aft sails, but no yards,—thereby reducing the number of hands necessary to work them. +1
shipping
продольные паруса
Паруса, поставленные вдоль корабля, а не поперёк него.
Men of Invention and Industry
"Men of Invention and Industry" by Samuel Smiles is a historical account likely written in the late 19th century. The book examines the lives and contributions of various inventors and industrialists, highlighting their impact on society, particularly within British industry, with an emphasis on significant advancements such as shipbuilding and steam power. The opening of the book sets the stage with a discussion of the early history of English shipbuilding, beginning with the figure of Phineas Pett. It explores the humble beginnings of the British navy and the advancements made under historical figures like Henry VIII. Various early challenges in shipbuilding are elucidated, alongside the importance of foreign expertise in developing England’s maritime capabilities. The narrative illustrates a shift from a heavy reliance on importing goods and expertise to a burgeoning English independence in shipbuilding and trade, paving the way for a stronger national identity tied to maritime innovation.
Men of Invention and Industry
his plan of converting India to a servile nation comes to the fore
general
первый план
Входит в выражение «come to the fore», означающее «стать очевидным» или «выйти на первый план».
Environmental Humanities in India
This collection examines environmental questions in India through literature, culture, Indigenous knowledge and the arts. Its essays explore relationships between people and landscapes, conservation, ecological justice and representations of environmental change.
Environmental Humanities in India
From his letter written to his father from Calcutta, his plan of converting India to a servile nation by tearing apart its culture and religion through the introduction of European education comes to the fore (See Trevelyan, 1876).
colonialism
выходит на первый план
Становится заметным, выходит на первый план или становится очевидным.
Environmental Humanities in India
This collection examines environmental questions in India through literature, culture, Indigenous knowledge and the arts. Its essays explore relationships between people and landscapes, conservation, ecological justice and representations of environmental change.
Environmental Humanities in India
The springing back to its former condition or position.
physics
возвращаться в прежнее состояние или положение
Возвращаться в прежнее состояние или положение после изменения или смещения; здесь это описывает упругость.
Electricity for Boys
"Electricity for Boys" by James Slough Zerbe is a practical guide written in the early 20th century. This work falls within the category of educational publications aimed at teaching young boys the fundamental concepts and applications of electricity through hands-on experiments. It emphasizes the importance of practical experience and experimentation over theoretical knowledge alone. The beginning of the text introduces the fascinating world of electricity, stressing the value of learning through practical application while experimenting with various tools and techniques. Zerbe explains that electricity can be understood better when boys engage directly with the material rather than through rote memorization of its principles. He lays out the book's fundamental approach to education, which involves experimenting, building, and discovering the principles that govern electrical phenomena. This foundational philosophy sets the stage for the more detailed chapters on specific electrical concepts and devices, reflecting a broader goal of fostering critical thinking and hands-on learning among young readers.
Electricity for Boys
set the former in motion
physics
привести первое тело в движение
Заставить ранее упомянутое тело начать двигаться; здесь силы приводят маятник в движение.
The Advance of Science in the Last Half-Century
"The Advance of Science in the Last Half-Century" by Thomas Henry Huxley is a scientific publication written in the late 19th century. The work examines the significant advancements in physical science, technology, and their impact on civilization over the past fifty years, showcasing how these developments have transformed human life and understanding. Huxley aims to provide a comprehensive overview of scientific progress and its implications for society. The opening of this publication sets the stage by reflecting upon the remarkable increase in industrial production and the pivotal role of physical science during the Victorian era. Huxley outlines how machinery and improved techniques have elevated living standards and mitigated suffering from diseases and scarcity. He discusses the historical context of scientific inquiry, highlighting the evolution of natural knowledge since ancient Greece and the importance of hypotheses in driving scientific progress. The beginning emphasizes the interconnectedness of scientific advancements with industrial growth and societal changes, asserting that the pursuit of knowledge has been, and should be, an intrinsic motivation beyond mere utilitarian outcomes.
The Advance of Science in the Last Half-Century
The latter gains as much as the former loses.
physics
получает столько же, сколько теряет первое тело
Утверждает, что одно тело получает столько же, сколько теряет другое.
The Advance of Science in the Last Half-Century
"The Advance of Science in the Last Half-Century" by Thomas Henry Huxley is a scientific publication written in the late 19th century. The work examines the significant advancements in physical science, technology, and their impact on civilization over the past fifty years, showcasing how these developments have transformed human life and understanding. Huxley aims to provide a comprehensive overview of scientific progress and its implications for society. The opening of this publication sets the stage by reflecting upon the remarkable increase in industrial production and the pivotal role of physical science during the Victorian era. Huxley outlines how machinery and improved techniques have elevated living standards and mitigated suffering from diseases and scarcity. He discusses the historical context of scientific inquiry, highlighting the evolution of natural knowledge since ancient Greece and the importance of hypotheses in driving scientific progress. The beginning emphasizes the interconnectedness of scientific advancements with industrial growth and societal changes, asserting that the pursuit of knowledge has been, and should be, an intrinsic motivation beyond mere utilitarian outcomes.
The Advance of Science in the Last Half-Century
reduced in a manner, and to an extent, unknown to former ages
history
неизвестный прежним эпохам
Неизвестный и не испытанный людьми в прежние исторические эпохи.
The Advance of Science in the Last Half-Century
"The Advance of Science in the Last Half-Century" by Thomas Henry Huxley is a scientific publication written in the late 19th century. The work examines the significant advancements in physical science, technology, and their impact on civilization over the past fifty years, showcasing how these developments have transformed human life and understanding. Huxley aims to provide a comprehensive overview of scientific progress and its implications for society. The opening of this publication sets the stage by reflecting upon the remarkable increase in industrial production and the pivotal role of physical science during the Victorian era. Huxley outlines how machinery and improved techniques have elevated living standards and mitigated suffering from diseases and scarcity. He discusses the historical context of scientific inquiry, highlighting the evolution of natural knowledge since ancient Greece and the importance of hypotheses in driving scientific progress. The beginning emphasizes the interconnectedness of scientific advancements with industrial growth and societal changes, asserting that the pursuit of knowledge has been, and should be, an intrinsic motivation beyond mere utilitarian outcomes.
The Advance of Science in the Last Half-Century
Only Peroo kept his men together behind the swell of the guard-tower, where the stone-boats lay tied fore and aft with hawsers, wire-rope, and chains.
nautical
привязать с обоих концов
Закрепить с обоих концов лодки.
The Bridge-Builders
"The Bridge-Builders" by Rudyard Kipling is a short story written in the early 20th century. This narrative is steeped in the themes of engineering, resilience, and the interplay between human endeavor and nature, as it focuses on the arduous construction of a bridge over the Ganges River in India. The story addresses the challenges faced by its protagonist, Findlayson, and explores the relationship between the builders and the powerful forces of nature symbolized by the river. The tale revolves around Findlayson, the chief engineer overseeing the construction of the Kashi Bridge, and his assistant Hitchcock, as they confront an impending flood that threatens their work. Together, they navigate physical and bureaucratic challenges while managing a diverse team of workers, including Peroo, a skilled Lascar who plays a crucial role in the project's success. As the floodwaters rise, tensions mount, and the characters grapple with their fears and ambitions, leading to a climactic moment in which the bridge's fate hangs in the balance. This intersection of human skill and the unpredictable might of nature provides a rich backdrop for Kipling’s exploration of duty, sacrifice, and the enduring nature of human achievement amidst adversity.
The Bridge-Builders
She was sent thither with Charles Prince of Wales and the Duke of Buckingham, the former going in search of a Spanish wife.
general
первый из упомянутых
В выражении the former слово указывает на первого из двух упомянутых людей — Карла, а не просто означает «прежний».
Men of Invention and Industry
"Men of Invention and Industry" by Samuel Smiles is a historical account likely written in the late 19th century. The book examines the lives and contributions of various inventors and industrialists, highlighting their impact on society, particularly within British industry, with an emphasis on significant advancements such as shipbuilding and steam power. The opening of the book sets the stage with a discussion of the early history of English shipbuilding, beginning with the figure of Phineas Pett. It explores the humble beginnings of the British navy and the advancements made under historical figures like Henry VIII. Various early challenges in shipbuilding are elucidated, alongside the importance of foreign expertise in developing England’s maritime capabilities. The narrative illustrates a shift from a heavy reliance on importing goods and expertise to a burgeoning English independence in shipbuilding and trade, paving the way for a stronger national identity tied to maritime innovation.
Men of Invention and Industry
The chief of these was wooden shipbuilding, a branch of industry then extensively carried on by Messrs. William and Robert Tindall, the former of whom resided in London; he was one of the half-dozen great shipbuilders and owners who founded "Lloyd's."
general
первый из которых
Формальный способ сослаться на первого из двух ранее упомянутых людей или предметов.
Men of Invention and Industry
"Men of Invention and Industry" by Samuel Smiles is a historical account likely written in the late 19th century. The book examines the lives and contributions of various inventors and industrialists, highlighting their impact on society, particularly within British industry, with an emphasis on significant advancements such as shipbuilding and steam power. The opening of the book sets the stage with a discussion of the early history of English shipbuilding, beginning with the figure of Phineas Pett. It explores the humble beginnings of the British navy and the advancements made under historical figures like Henry VIII. Various early challenges in shipbuilding are elucidated, alongside the importance of foreign expertise in developing England’s maritime capabilities. The narrative illustrates a shift from a heavy reliance on importing goods and expertise to a burgeoning English independence in shipbuilding and trade, paving the way for a stronger national identity tied to maritime innovation.
Men of Invention and Industry
Contrast this speed with the former slowness.
printing
сопоставить одно с другим
Сравнить нынешнюю скорость с упомянутой ранее медлительностью.
Men of Invention and Industry
"Men of Invention and Industry" by Samuel Smiles is a historical account likely written in the late 19th century. The book examines the lives and contributions of various inventors and industrialists, highlighting their impact on society, particularly within British industry, with an emphasis on significant advancements such as shipbuilding and steam power. The opening of the book sets the stage with a discussion of the early history of English shipbuilding, beginning with the figure of Phineas Pett. It explores the humble beginnings of the British navy and the advancements made under historical figures like Henry VIII. Various early challenges in shipbuilding are elucidated, alongside the importance of foreign expertise in developing England’s maritime capabilities. The narrative illustrates a shift from a heavy reliance on importing goods and expertise to a burgeoning English independence in shipbuilding and trade, paving the way for a stronger national identity tied to maritime innovation.
Men of Invention and Industry
the fore part of the ship
maritime
носовой
передний
В морской терминологии fore означает переднюю, носовую часть в противоположность кормовой.
Records of a Family of Engineers
"Records of a Family of Engineers" by Robert Louis Stevenson is a historical account written in the early 20th century. The book delves into the lineage of the Stevenson family, particularly focusing on their contributions as engineers and their experiences across generations in Scotland, intertwining personal anecdotes with broader historical narratives. The opening of the book introduces the reader to the Stevenson family tree, tracing their surname's evolution and historical context from the 13th century onward. It reveals a lineage that has faced both successes and tragedies, with a particular focus on the early lives of James Stevenson, his brother Hugh, and their heir, Robert Stevenson. The text sketches their aspirations, marriages, and struggles, ultimately painting a portrait of a family deeply rooted in the engineering profession, set against the backdrop of the rugged Scottish landscape and societal changes of their time. This initial section not only captures the essence of their individual experiences but sets the stage for further exploration of the family's lasting impact on engineering.
Records of a Family of Engineers