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toughened
UK
/ˈtʌf.ənd/
US
/ˈtʌf.ənd/
toughened up
toughened up
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Explain how “toughened” is formed and when it works as an adjective or a past participle.
Compare “toughened glass” with “toughened security measures”—what does “toughened” mean in each phrase?
Show how “toughen” changes meaning with people, rules, and materials.
Compare “toughen” with “strengthen,” “harden,” and “tighten.”
Give me five B2 examples with “toughen” or “toughened,” with Russian translations.
Teach me useful collocations with “toughen,” such as “toughen laws” and “toughen someone up.”
Give me a short exercise to practise using “toughen” and “toughened” in context.
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