В этой статье имеются в виду электромагнитные волны.
Electricity for Boys
"Electricity for Boys" by James Slough Zerbe is a practical guide written in the early 20th century. This work falls within the category of educational publications aimed at teaching young boys the fundamental concepts and applications of electricity through hands-on experiments. It emphasizes the importance of practical experience and experimentation over theoretical knowledge alone. The beginning of the text introduces the fascinating world of electricity, stressing the value of learning through practical application while experimenting with various tools and techniques. Zerbe explains that electricity can be understood better when boys engage directly with the material rather than through rote memorization of its principles. He lays out the book's fundamental approach to education, which involves experimenting, building, and discovering the principles that govern electrical phenomena. This foundational philosophy sets the stage for the more detailed chapters on specific electrical concepts and devices, reflecting a broader goal of fostering critical thinking and hands-on learning among young readers.
The Impact of Seven Waves of Urban Technology+7
technology
волна
этап
В выражении «technological wave» слово употреблено переносно и означает волну технологических изменений.
The AI City
This book develops the concept of an artificial intelligence city and examines its theoretical foundations, technologies and applications. Practical cases explore how urban planning and intelligent systems can support city development, services and management.
Waves of violence: Women in post-tsunami Sri Lanka.+1
sociology
волна
Здесь wave употреблено переносно: оно означает сильный и широко распространённый всплеск сопереживания и солидарности.
Disasters: Core Concepts and Ethical Theories
This Open Access Book is the first to examine disasters from a multidisciplinary perspective. Justification of actions in the face of disasters requires recourse both to conceptual analysis and ethical traditions. Part 1 of the book contains chapters on how disasters are conceptualized in different academic disciplines relevant to disasters. Part 2 has chapters on how ethical issues that arise in relation to disasters can be addressed from a number of fundamental normative approaches in moral and political philosophy. This book sets the stage for more focused normative debates given that no one book can be completely comprehensive.
accede to the EU in the ‘first wave’
politics
волна
В выражении «первая волна» слово образно обозначает первую группу стран, вступающих в ЕС в рамках расширения.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
the 2010–2012 ‘referendum wave’
politics
волна
Метафора «referendum wave» описывает период, когда проводится много референдумов.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
A wave of criticism from legal scholars followed.
law
волна критики
Большое количество критики, возникшее или последовавшее за короткий период.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
From this point of view, accession in the 2004 wave of enlargement was a clear priority, with the discussion centring perhaps more on the practical form and wording of the constitutional amendments, but not questioning their aims or overall direction.
politics
волна расширения
Период или этап, в ходе которого к расширяющемуся союзу присоединяется группа стран.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
The reform was introduced after the 2010–2012 ‘referendum wave’ with a number of controversial decisions.
politics
волна референдумов
Период, когда проводится или предлагается множество референдумов.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
merger waves occurring throughout European countries
economics
волна
Слово употреблено в переносном смысле и обозначает последовательные всплески активности по слияниям.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
Technological wave, 41
technology
технологическая волна
Значительный всплеск или период изменений, вызванный новыми технологиями.
The AI City
This book develops the concept of an artificial intelligence city and examines its theoretical foundations, technologies and applications. Practical cases explore how urban planning and intelligent systems can support city development, services and management.
The fifth wave of urban technology, predominantly driven by biotechnology and information technology, has exerted a profound impact on urban environmental enhancement and the evolution of urban spatial forms.
technology
пятая волна городских технологий
Пятый этап или крупная волна развития технологий, применяемых в городах.
The AI City
This book develops the concept of an artificial intelligence city and examines its theoretical foundations, technologies and applications. Practical cases explore how urban planning and intelligent systems can support city development, services and management.
A new wave of integration between AI technologies and the urban intelligence process has emerged.
technology
новая волна интеграции технологий ИИ и процесса городского интеллекта
Недавний этап более активной интеграции технологий ИИ в развитие городского интеллекта.
The AI City
This book develops the concept of an artificial intelligence city and examines its theoretical foundations, technologies and applications. Practical cases explore how urban planning and intelligent systems can support city development, services and management.