Описывает системы, предназначенные для выполнения разных задач или предоставления различных возможностей.
The AI City
This book develops the concept of an artificial intelligence city and examines its theoretical foundations, technologies and applications. Practical cases explore how urban planning and intelligent systems can support city development, services and management.
functional interoperability of physics-based models+9
technology
функциональный
работоспособный
Описывает требования, определяющие, что должна делать система.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
a personal and a mere functional aspect of property+6
law
функциональный
эффективный
практически полезный
работоспособный
Выражение относится к пониманию избирательного права с точки зрения его функции; конкретное теоретическое противопоставление здесь не уточняется.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
This is particularly mentioned because of the frequent, sometimes misleading and mostly unnecessary fascination of practitioners in the field of competition policy by concentration metrics based on various functional forms of market shares.+5
economics
функциональный
В выражении «функциональная форма» слово описывает математическую структуру представления спроса.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
Experience design emphasized meaningful, engaging, and memorable experiences rather than just functional interfaces.+4
design
функциональный
Обозначает одно из желаемых качеств обсуждаемых продуктов.
User Experience + Artificial Intelligence: Assessing the Qualities of AI-infused Systems
This study develops a method for evaluating the user experience of systems that incorporate artificial intelligence. It examines existing approaches, validates the AIXE evaluation scale and applies it to domestic smart speakers.
Testing focused on validating the functional requirements set for the system.+4
technology
функциональные требования
Функции и возможности, которые должна обеспечивать система.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
The latter category describes non-functional requirements.+2
software
нефункциональные требования
Требования, описывающие качества или ограничения системы либо проекта, а не конкретные функции.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
compensating for functional changes+2
medicine
функциональный
Описывает практические потребности, которым должна отвечать среда ухода.
Dementia Lab 2025: Ethics + Aesthetics in Design
This collection presents research on designing with and for people living with dementia. Its studies examine participatory methods, care environments, technology and everyday experiences, with attention to ethical questions and aesthetic engagement.
Access to adequate teaching materials and functional infrastructure is a relevant contributor to teacher well-being.+2
education
исправный
функционирующий
Описывает инфраструктуру, которой можно пользоваться и которая работает должным образом.
The Ultimate Guide to Teacher Well-Being
This practical guide explains how education policy, school environments and individual habits can support teacher well-being. It presents research-based measures, implementation steps and examples from schools around the world, with dashboards for assessing the evidence and likely impact of each approach.
By altering such functional form, we cannot provide more information as long as the inputs in the analysis are same—market shares.+1
economics
функциональная форма
Математическая или аналитическая структура, используемая для представления зависимости.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
The presence of similarity between the characteristics and the intended use of products indicates the existence of so-called functional substitution between them (Davis and Garces 2010).+1
economics
функциональная взаимозаменяемость
функциональное замещение
Способность товаров выполнять сходные функции, благодаря чему они могут быть взаимозаменяемыми в конкурентной борьбе.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
The contribution considers functional independence and real autonomy.+1
law
функциональная независимость
Способность органа выполнять свои функции независимо.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries