In 2010, in parallel with the constant – altogether more than 10 – amendments of the 1989 Constitution reflecting ad hoc political interests, the governing parties announced the creation of a new constitution.
politics
сиюминутные политические интересы
Политические интересы, обусловленные текущей ситуацией, а не последовательным долгосрочным планом.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
There is the ad hoc suspension of the invalidity rule.
law
приостановление в конкретном случае
Приостановление правила в конкретном случае, а не его общая отмена.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
but it does so pragmatically and in an ad-hoc, unstructured manner.
law
ситуативная, неструктурированная манера
Способ действий, выбранный ситуативно и не имеющий чёткой структуры.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
The term ‘stat de drept’ (neologism of French inspiration, État de droit) is sometimes used in the literature in conjunction or even interchangeably with the notion ‘domnia legii’ (the rule of law, in an ad litteram translation).
linguistics
при буквальном переводе
Передано буквально, а не переведено идиоматически.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
Additional ad hoc enquiries can be made by the prosecutor with regard to individual cases.
law
разовые запросы
Запросы, направляемые по мере необходимости в конкретных делах.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
The Commission convenes an ad hoc expert group, typically composed of law professors.
law
специально созданная экспертная группа
Экспертная группа, созданная для конкретной задачи или случая, а не действующая на постоянной основе.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
It is interesting to note that there have been other attempts to revise the Constitution: for instance we can recall three ad hoc parliamentary committees (in 1983–1985 the so-called ‘Bozzi Bicameral Committee’; 1992–1994 the so-called ‘De Mita-Jotti Bicameral Committee’; and 1997–1998 the so-called ‘D’Alema Bicameral Committee’) that worked with no immediate outcome.
politics
парламентские комитеты специального назначения
Парламентские комитеты, созданные для конкретной цели или задачи.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
documents that are laid before Parliament on an ad hoc basis from the Government
general
в индивидуальном порядке
Для отдельного случая или цели, а не в рамках постоянной процедуры.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
Many economists are perfectly happy with a definition of disasters that just specifies an ad-hoc and arbitrary threshold of fluctuation—be it in the hazard itself, or its impact—and call this ‘a disaster’.
economics
специально выбранный и произвольный порог колебаний
Порог, выбранный без последовательного или объективного принципа для определения того, когда колебание считается бедствием.
Disasters: Core Concepts and Ethical Theories
This Open Access Book is the first to examine disasters from a multidisciplinary perspective. Justification of actions in the face of disasters requires recourse both to conceptual analysis and ethical traditions. Part 1 of the book contains chapters on how disasters are conceptualized in different academic disciplines relevant to disasters. Part 2 has chapters on how ethical issues that arise in relation to disasters can be addressed from a number of fundamental normative approaches in moral and political philosophy. This book sets the stage for more focused normative debates given that no one book can be completely comprehensive.
I could give examples ad libitum, without coming to terms with any theory: therefore, I believe it is necessary to look for a common philosophy among the indigenous people of India, in which to possibly find the root of a concept of sustainability.
general
сколько угодно
Свободно или без установленного ограничения; сколько угодно.
Environmental Humanities in India
This collection examines environmental questions in India through literature, culture, Indigenous knowledge and the arts. Its essays explore relationships between people and landscapes, conservation, ecological justice and representations of environmental change.
This multipronged policy is considered effective because it embeds teacher well-being in both policy and practice, rather than leaving it to ad-hoc solutions.
education
разовые решения
Решения для отдельных случаев, не являющиеся частью запланированного или системного подхода.
The Ultimate Guide to Teacher Well-Being
This practical guide explains how education policy, school environments and individual habits can support teacher well-being. It presents research-based measures, implementation steps and examples from schools around the world, with dashboards for assessing the evidence and likely impact of each approach.
"Yow've 'ad enough, my lad," said the host, "to last y'r the rest of y'r life.
drink
тебе уже хватит
Разговорный способ сказать, что человек уже получил или выпил достаточно; здесь речь идёт о выпивке.
The Yeoman Adventurer
"The Yeoman Adventurer" by George W. Gough is a historical novel likely written in the early 20th century. The story unfolds through the experiences of Oliver Wheatman, a yeoman, as he navigates life in a tumultuous period marked by the Jacobite uprisings, personal ambition, and romantic entanglements. The novel delves into themes of bravery, identity, and the quest for adventure against a backdrop of deep social and political upheaval. The opening of the book introduces Oliver Wheatman as he reflects on his life in a rural setting, immediately exposing his longing for adventure and the complexities of his relationships, especially with a character named Kate and her brother Jack Dobson, a soldier. As he witnesses soldiers marching and grapples with feelings of inadequacy, his fate intertwines with that of a captivating woman, Mistress Margaret Waynflete, who is entangled in the Jacobite cause. The chapter sets up a series of events where violence and danger emerge, ultimately leading Oliver to rescue Mistress Waynflete, and shapes the thrilling and romantic quest that defines the narrative.