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concentration
UK
/ˌkɒn.sənˈtreɪ.ʃən/
US
/ˌkɑːn.sənˈtreɪ.ʃən/
Library
the concentration of enterprises +13
law
экономическая концентрация
концентрация
экономические концентрации
слияние компаний
Обозначает объединение компаний или сосредоточение рыночной деятельности, способное повлиять на цены.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
the levels of concentration +8
economics
концентрация
концентрация рынка
Концентрация рынка может увеличиться при слиянии конкурентов; в тексте говорится, что в данном случае это не навредило потребителям.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
To assess indoor environmental quality, in-situ measurements of air temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 concentration were conducted in selected rooms during both warm and cold seasons. +4
environment
концентрация
Относится к измеряемому уровню углекислого газа в воздухе помещения.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
The coordinative effects stem from the fact that concentration, by its nature, decreases the number of market players, thus increasing the market concentration, also raising the possibility for a cartel to be created and to endure. +3
economics
концентрация рынка
Степень, в которой на рынке преобладает небольшое число компаний.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
In-situ measurements of CO2 concentration were conducted in selected rooms. +2
conservation
концентрация CO₂
Количество углекислого газа, содержащегося в воздухе.
Building Digital Twins
These conference proceedings present research on building digital twins and the transition to sustainable, resilient built environments. Contributions address building information modelling, indoor environmental assessment, smart sensors, energy performance and related digital technologies.
These are not routine or mechanical tasks; they require sustained concentration, deep pedagogical knowledge, and the ability to synthesize feedback on the fly. +2
education
концентрация
В тексте улучшение концентрации описывается как возможный эффект программы.
The Ultimate Guide to Teacher Well-Being
This practical guide explains how education policy, school environments and individual habits can support teacher well-being. It presents research-based measures, implementation steps and examples from schools around the world, with dashboards for assessing the evidence and likely impact of each approach.
a concentration of foreign forces
military
сосредоточение
Относится к значительному присутствию иностранных сил на Мальте.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
their concentration into a single authority
government
сосредоточение
Здесь означает объединение дефицитных экспертных знаний в одном органе, а не сосредоточенность или концентрацию рынка.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
Consequently, the Romanian Competition Council’s decision to approve the merger can be considered correct (in this case, increased market concentration was not detrimental to consumers).
economics
рост концентрации рынка
Увеличение степени сосредоточения рыночной деятельности у меньшего числа компаний.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
According to Weinberg (2008), there are three main approaches that have been used to measure the effects of mergers on prices: case studies, merger simulations, and direct comparisons of prices before and after the process of concentration.
economics
процесс концентрации
Процесс, в ходе которого деловая активность или рыночная власть концентрируется, в том числе в результате слияний.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
Hall M, Tideman N (1967) Measures of concentration.
economics
показатели концентрации
Статистические показатели, используемые для описания степени концентрации рынка или распределения.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries
Prior to the simulation we also presume that the commission has collected all available information, which specifies the nature of the relevant market, and that it has examined the strategic intentions of the parties to the concentration.
economics
стороны экономической концентрации
Компании, участвующие в сделке, ведущей к экономической концентрации, например к слиянию.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe: Building Institutions in Emerging Markets
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike. ; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries